CK Brand

Montana Stockgrowers Association Represented On Quilt
by Angel Wyrwas

The Montana Cattlewomen's mission is to support the livestock industry and its environment by its labor and finances through promotional information, publicity, and education. Long known for their scholarships, conferences, and Ag in Montana Schools program, much of the Cattlewomen's tireless efforts this year have been directed towards promoting the Montana Stockgrowers Association's 125th anniversary celebration slated to take place in Miles City June 11-13. Last fall the Montana Cattlewomen, a nonprofit organization, decided to hold a fundraiser by raffling off a quilt promoting the Montana Stockgrowers Association. The committee discussed finding someone to make the nine square quilt for them. Committee member Wanda Pinnow of Baker, announced the Cattlewomen's plan at the local Baker Cowbelles meeting. Cowbelles and Cattlewomen member and long time quilter, Linda Logsdon also of Baker, offered to make the quilt for the Cattlewoman at less than half her usual price. However, she asked if she might do something more creative with the quilt design. The Cattlewomen never look a gift horse in the mouth and gave Linda the thumbs up as long as it said Montana Stockgrowers Association on it. The quilt was commissioned.

Once Linda finished her design, the work began. The Cattlewomen advertised across the state for ranch owners to have their brand put on the quilt. The quilt contains 90 Montana livestock brands including the two oldest registered brands in the state. These special brands are located in the center of the quilt. Though registration of brands was not legally required until 1911, the CK was registered in 1876 to Conrad Kohrs and his partner and half-brother, John Bielenberg. The Historic Rescource Study cites Kohrs from, "A Veteran's Experience" as stating that the CK brand was first used in 1867 however, almost ten years earlier. Many other brands were registered to the parnership with distinction for purebreds by adding a number. The National Park Service maintains registration of this brand as part of the legacy of the open range cattle industry. Less is known of the Lazy G Hanging K brand. This brand was assigned to Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site and represents Johnny Grant, who first wintered cattle in the Deer Lodge Valley in 1857, and Conrad Kohrs because he ranged cattle over ten million acres in four states and Canada. The brand is significant for the ranch itself commemorates the open range cattle industry, making sure the past is not forgotten.

The entire quilt represents Montana in some fashion. There is silver, gold, and copper in the thread and material. The background in the center is the blue of the Montana sky and the golden of a wheat field. The Montana Stockgrowers Association logo is front and center alongside the unmistakable Montana cowboy. The man in the quilt is clothed in leather and suede fabrics and becomes dimensional with his shirt buttons and metal belt buckle John Logsdon, Linda's husband, bought at a gun show. One might expect the cowboy to look over and say, 'Hey, there!". John helped Linda with the building of the quilt by taking pictures of the brands to transfer to fabric and helping cut them out. "It is an art reading the brands," explained Linda and John, "You have to be educated on how to read them and what they mean to make sure you are getting them right." Linda continued, "Even after we had everything laid out right, after I started sewing, we realized that a couple of them were missing pieces or had gotten flipped around. Then you start again." Linda began the project last December and has well over 250 hours into the finished quilt. Some of the materials were purchased just for the project and some came from Linda's own fabric collection, pieces that complete the quilt but that you wouldn't find in any old fabric store, such as the denim of the cowboy's shirt that sports a red cow skull embroidery pattern. The quilt will be touring the state at different art and quilting shows and other venues until its impending sale in Miles City. "Whoever gets it will be very lucky," said Wanda Pinnow, "The quilt is such a work of art and so representative of the Montana Stockgrowers Association tradition that I could see it being donated to a museum for everyone to enjoy." 1

MCW is selling raffle tickets for Commemorative Brand Quilt - Contact Local Members to purchase raffle tickets

References
1. Montana Cattle Women. Retrieved May 27th 2009 from http://www.montanacattlewomen.org/



The above image was obtained from the following publication: Brand Book of the Montana Stock Growers' Association for 1903. Helena, Mont.: Independent Publishing Co. 1903.

4 Brothers: Deer Lodge Valley and the Sun River Country

As early as 1867, Conrad Kohrs raised stock in the Deer Lodge Valley and the Sun River country with his half brother, John Bielenberg. Kohrs settled in the Deer Lodge Valley in 1862 but soon moved to Virginia City and Bannack, and worked as a butcher. He later managed shops in Deer Lodge, Helena, Blackfoot and Pioneer City, and married Augusta Kruse in 1868. Kohrs was an integral part of the infrastructure for mining and agricultural irrigation, creating the Rock Creek Ditch along with William Irvine and others. The ditch is quite an engineering feat, as the ground that was dug is made up of quartz conglomerate and was nearly impossible to dig. It was reported that even dynamite didn't help to construct the ditch and that the ditch was dug with iron gads, chipping off only small pieces at a time, and whipsawed lumber was utilized for flumes. The water company formed by Kohrs was profitable, as the water was sold to scrip-holders, and the water was sold about four times a year, amounting to $72,000.00 in 1867 (Courchene, 1989:21).

The Bielenberg Brothers include Nick, John and Charles, all half-brothers of Conrad Kohrs. Butchers by trade, they ended up settling in Deer Lodge after arriving at Fort Benton. Their start in Deer Lodge came by invitation from Kohrs, who offered them jobs operating his butcher shops throughout the territory (National Park Service, 2006). Charles H. Bielenberg came to Deer Lodge in 1866 and opened the City Market. He ran that business for many years and married Mary Wilhelm in 1869.

Nick, the most prominent businessman of the three brothers, came to Deer Lodge and married Annie Bogk, who's parents owned and operated the McBurney House in Deer Lodge. Nick bought and sold ranches and butcher shops, and established large livestock and butchering operations that were known throughout the northwest, including a wholesale business that became the Butte Butchering Company. The Beilenbergs and Kohrs became involved in large cattle operations in the 1880s and Nick soon entered into the sheep industry, handling more than 130,000 sheep in one year (Courchene, 1989:48). Nick’s large dwelling, constructed in Deer Lodge in 1883, became the high school, but was removed in 1917 to make room for a larger, more modern building. The residence he constructed later, is currently on the National Register of Historic Places.

In addition to his involvement in the stock and butchering business, Nick served as President of the Champion Mining Company and Vice President of the Deer Lodge Mining and Reduction Company. Along with his son-in-law, W.I. Higgins, he helped build a 12-mile, 50,000 volt transmission line to the B and H Mine, putting it on the map as one of the first mines in the country to operate electrically (Courchene 1989:48). Nick was a delegate to the National Convention in 1892, and as a friend of Theodore Roosevelt, was a delegate to the National Progressive Convention that nominated Roosevelt for President in 1912. His interests at home were diverse. He was one of the founders of the Citizens Water Company where he served as President; he was involved in the construction of the new Hotel Deer Lodge; he was financially involved in the completion of the Deer Lodge Woman's Club House, in which his wife, Annie, was a Charter Member; he was a member of the Masonic Order; and he headed the fight for the area's farmers and ranchers against the powerful Anaconda Copper Mining Company's air-pollution. The suite was known as the famous "Smoke Case" that began in 1905 (Fred J. Bliss vs. The Washoe Copper Company and the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, 1905-1909).

Reference

United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet. Retrieved May 26th 2009 from http://montanahistoricalsociety.org/shpo/register/DeerLodgeCBD.pdf

Conrad & Augusta Kohrs' Home in Helena, Montana

Victorian style home built in 1887, 7896 square feet, 5 bedrooms, 3.5 bathrooms, and carriage house with 2-car garage. Oak, maple and mahogany woodwork from the craftsmen of the past and today. Brick and granite work that you cannot replicate. Grand formal dining, parlors and study-this is truly a fine home. Imagine the conversations and lives of those who called this Victorian Lady home over the years.








Address: 804 Dearborn Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601


THE CONRAD KOHRS HOME, located on Helena's Upper West Side at 804 Dearborn, was originally built in 1887 by Joseph H. Russell. Russell was a Virginia miner who followed the gold rush to California and Virginia City in 1864 and then continued on to Helena, where he mined in Grizzly Gulch. Due to financial misfortune, he lost the house to H.A. D'Acheul who rented it to Conrad Kohrs and his wife Augusta. Mrs. Kohrs loved her rented home so much that her husband bought it for her as an anniversary gift for their 32nd wedding anniversary in 1900. Kohrs came to Montana's Deer Lodge Valley in 1862, also looking for gold. He worked as a butcher in Bannack before opening his own meat shop in Alder Gulch and later owned butcher shops at many Montana mining camps. He managed his businesses well and soon was buying cattle throughout the state in order to meet the demand for beef. In 1866 Kohrs purchased the John H. Grant Ranch near Deer Lodge. The "Cattle King of Montana", as he was later known, was integral in the development of Montana's cattle industry. He brought the first shorthorns from Iowa to Montana in 1871 and introduced Herefords in 1880. Kohrs eventually controlled more than a million acres in Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho and Canada. The Helena mansion Kohrs purchased for his wife is 7,896 square feet, features five bedrooms, three-and-a-half bathrooms, a fantastic kitchen, laundry rooms on two floors, a grand formal dining room, parlors, and a study. Many of the original furnishings are housed at the Grant-Kohrs Ranch in Deer Lodge, which is now a National Historic Site. Over the past 10 years, the current owners have completed extensive updates to all the mechanical systems and restorations to the historical elements of the home. There is also a carriage house that is now used as a garage with living quarters above. Originally the main part of the house consisted of eleven rooms with five rooms in the rear wing for the kitchen, etc. with servants' quarters above. Many of the features in the living and dining room, such as the pocket doors, oak fireplace, woodwork, flooring, brass hardware on the doors and lighting fixtures in the hallway are original. The kitchen has been brought up to modern standards, and will be appreciated by any home chef. In 1911, a bathroom was added through the closet of the master bedroom on the second floor for the visit of Teddy Roosevelt, a friend of Kohrs' from the 1880s when Roosevelt ranched in the Dakota Territory.2 ANASTASIA BURTON


References

1. Windermere Real Estate: Retrieved May 22, 2009 from http://www.windermere.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=Listing.ListingDetail&ListingID=34923678

2. Helena Lifestyles: June 2008. Anastasia Burton: Retrieved May 27th 2009 from http://www.helenalifestyles.com/


See Also:

Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey
Conrad Kohrs House, 804 Dearborn Avenue, Helena, Lewis and Clark County, MT

The Bielenberg Home @ 801 Milwaukee Avenue.

National Register of Historic Places

The Bielenberg Home @ 801 Milwaukee Avenue, Deer Lodge, Montana

Bielenberg, Nick J., House ** (added 1979 - Building - #79003719)
Also known as The Bielenberg Home
801 Milwaukee Ave., Deer Lodge

Historic Significance: Person, Architecture/Engineering
Architect, builder, or engineer: Unknown
Architectural Style: Bungalow/Craftsman
Historic Person: Bielenberg, Nicholas John
Significant Year: 1910
Area of Significance: Agriculture, Architecture, Exploration/Settlement
Period of Significance: 1900-1924
Owner: Private
Historic Function: Domestic
Historic Sub-function: Secondary Structure, Single Dwelling
Current Function: Domestic
Current Sub-function: Secondary Structure, Single Dwelling

References

National Registry of Historic Places: MONTANA - Powell County. Retrieved on May 20, 2009 from http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/mt/Powell/state.html

William K. Kohrs Memorial Library

National Register of Historic Places

Kohrs, William K., Free Memorial Library (added 1979 - Building - #79001423)
Also known as William K. Kohrs Library
5th St. and Missouri Ave., Deer Lodge

Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering
Architect, builder, or engineer: Shaffer & Moncrieff, Link & Carter
Architectural Style: Beaux Arts
Area of Significance: Architecture, Social History
Period of Significance: 1900-1924
Owner: Local Gov't
Historic Function: Education
Historic Sub-function: Library
Current Function: Education
Current Sub-function: Library

References

National Registry of Historic Places: MONTANA - Powell County. Retrieved on May 20, 2009 from http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/mt/Powell/state.htm

N. J. Bielenberg Mansion, Deer Lodge, MT (1890)

Photograph :Left to Right: Annie Bielenberg and her children Alma, (unknown individual), Augusta (Gussie), Annie and Claude?

Nicholas J Bielenberg built a mansion in 1883 reflective of his acquired wealth; it was described in the newspaper as "Handsomest Dwelling House in Western Montana", "splendid residence" and "Dest Dwelling House in Montana". The mansion that Nick built in 1883-1884 was sold by him in August of 1904 for the High School in Deer Lodge. It was razed in ]917 for the present High School.

Y. M. C. A. Helena, Montana

The 1914 Y.M.C.A building, on the SE corner of Lawrence and Fuller. It was demolished in the 1970s.1

Kohrs was to become identified as a big stock grower, who was to own the famous Johnnie Grant ranch, near what afterwards was to become Deer Lodge, whose blooded cattle and horses were to be known all over the state, and he was also to become instrumental, with his half brother, John Bielenberg, in erecting, 1914, a beautiful building for the Y. M. C. A. in Helena.

The initial gifts of $20,000 and $13,000 which made the building at Helena, Montana, possible were from two old-time cattle men who had never been identified with any particular religious organization, John Bielenberg and Conrad Kohrs. They had made money on the plains. Their daughters were living in .he city and intensely interested in the condition of boys and young men there. Mr. Kohrs had said that he "felt like doing some good with his money before he passed away." These men, used to the hard lives of the plain and familiar with what their cowboys went up against in the city, are very "mellow" than they were dreamed to be towards the youngsters in the city.

References

1. HELENA As She Was: Images of Montan's Capital City. Retrieved July 3 2009 from www.lifelikecharm.com/

1932 Conrad Kohrs Memorial Building

St. Peter's Hospital in Helena, Montana.


The beautiful 11th avenue doorway to the Kohrs Memorial wing, now all gone.

In 1932, Mrs. Conrad Kohrs, in memory of her husband, provided more than $100,000.00 for a new surgical wing for St. Peter's Hospital in Helena, Montana.1

Typical of twentieth-century American hospitals, St. Peter’s Hospital in Helena grew as a series of wings and in a combination of styles, but the Mission style dominated the look of the complex until a modernist wing, added in 1957, disrupted the hospital’s architectural harmony. The Conrad Kohrs Memorial wing represented a step in the development of the architecture in Montana, as they revealed the Mission style’s compatibility with other styles, particularly Renaissance Revival architecture. In 1931 New York architect Cass Gilbert, a devotee of Mission architecture, designed a new Mission-style wing endowed by Conrad Kohrs’s widow. It housed a much-needed operating room, obstetrical room, and additional private rooms.2

1. Helena As She Was: Retrieved June 17, 2009 from http://www.helenahistory.org/st_peters_hospital.htm

2. Chacon, Hipolito Rafael. Creating a Mythic Past: Spanish-style Architecture in Montana. Montana The Magazine of Western History, 51 (Autumn 2001), 46-60; Retrieved June 17, 2009 from http://visitmt.com/history/Montana_the_Magazine_of_Western_History/chacon.htm

CLARA EMILY BIELENBERG

CLARA EMILY BIELENBERG

1870-1950

Born: 24 Oct 1870, Deer Lodge, Montana Territory-Died: 23 Jul 1950, Deer Lodge, Powell County, Montana.

CLARA EMILY BIELENBERG, the daughter of CHARLES and MARY (nee WILHELMI) BIELENBERG and the wife of WARREN EUGENE EVANS was a public administrator of Powell County Montana since 1916 and owner operator of the Powell County Abstract Company. She was born and reared in the home in which she made here residence until her death. She attended public schools in Deer Lodge and graduated with a degree in Music from Rowland Hall at Salt Lake City in 1886. She was a member of the Sons and Daughters of Montana pioneers, the American Legion auxiliary, Floral Chapter No. 46, Order of the Eastern Star and a charter member of the Business and Professional Women’s Club (obit)

HARRY KOHRS & RUTH (nee LANE) KOHRS

HARRY KOHRS

Born: 9 May 1904, Davenport, Iowa-Died: 20 Sept, 1960, Rock Island, Ill.

In 1908, Harry's father, Conrad died when Harry was 4 years old. His mother, Anna (nee Mautasch) Kohrs, sister Johanna "Dolly" and Harry lived for many years at 2016 West Fifth Street in Davenport, Iowa. Harry Kohrs, 56, resided at 802 20th Street, Rock Island Illinois died at St. Anthony’s hospital. Born in Davenport, he attended Wentworth Military Academy. He married Ruth C. Lane in Galesburg in 1928. The couple lived in Davenport, before moving to Rock Island 21 years ago. His wife preceded him in death in 1959. Services were at the Runge Chapel in Davenport. Both he and his wife are buried on the "Conrad Kohrs" lot in Oakdale Cemetery, Davenport, Iowa. (obit- Davenport Democrat, Friday 22 Sept 1960).

RUTH (nee LANE) KOHRS

Born: 22 Feb 1904, Davenport, Iowa-Died: 16 Sept, 1959, Rock Island, Ill.

In 1908, her mother died when Ruth was four years old. Ruth Lane’s mother was hit and killed by streetcar in Davenport, Iowa. Harry and Ruth lived at 2621 Redwood Street, Davenport Iowa with their son’s Donald and Richard for a short time.

Bielenberg: the white hill.

Surname: Bielefeld

Recorded in a number of spellings including Bielfeld, Bielefeld, Bilefeld, Bielfeldt and the quite rare Bielfelt, this is a Prussian (German) surname although with some Polish input. It is either locational from a place called "Bilefelt", or topographical from residence by high quality agricultural land or perhaps chalky lands. The derivation in both cases is from the ancient Polish word "byel" meaning good, fair or white, and in a transferred sense, chalky. There are a number of other surnames which have the prefix Biel, and all have much the same meanings. These range from Biel itself, meaning a person with white hair, to Bielenberg, the white hill. This surname would seem to be first recorded in 1545, when one Hermann Bilefelt appears in the registers of the town of Livland, and in 1641 when Christian Bielfeldt was recorded as being a citizen of the city of Lubeck. Other later recordings taken from the surviving church registers of the former state of Prussia include: Johannes Bieldfeld, who married Rosina Calbary at the church of Sankt Marie, Bosseborn, on October 21st 1682, and a century later Anne Gertrudis Bielfelt, who married Henricus Daarle at Sankt Marten Roman Catholic church, Ahlen, Westfalen, on June 15th 1777. 1

Last name origin & meaning:
German: habitational name from a place named Bielenberg, near Glückstadt in Schleswig-Holstein. 2


References

1. The Internet Surname Database :haring Family History. Retrieved May 20, 2009 from http://www.surnamedb.com/surname.aspx?name=Bielefeld

2.Family Education. Retrieved May 20, 2009 from http://genealogy.familyeducation.com/surname-origin/bielenberg

CLAUDE BIELENBERG & FATHER, NICK

CLAUDE NICHOLAS BIELENBERG

1887-1955

Pictured above left to right, Claude and his father, Nick Bielenberg at Rock Creek Lake, Montana, 1924

"Much of Kohrs's energy in 1867 went toward development of the Rock Creek Ditch Company, which involved digging the water ditch from the vicinity of Rock Creek Lake west of the ranch down towards the valley floor where the water could be sold for use in placer mining."

Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Montana, USA

Description
Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Montana, USA. This engraving shows the ranch around 1880. Caption: Residence of Conrad Kohrs, Deer Lodge, Montana. Kohrs & Bielenberg, Breeders of Short-Horn and Hereford Cattle, Thoroughbred Clydesdale, Perchemon-Norman and Coach Horses

Source
Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.): History of Montana, 1739-1885. Chicago: Warner, Beers and Co., 1885, page 555 - online at the University of Montana http://content.lib.umt.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/subscrip&CISOPTR=7568&REC=1&CISOSHOW=6923

Date
1885

Author
unknown engraver, published without a name.

Surname: Kohrs

Surname: Kohrs

This famous German surname and original personal name of the pre 7th century, is recorded in over one hundred spellings throughout Europe and Scandanavia. These include the basic forms of Conrad (Medieval German and post medieval English and French), Konrad, Kohrt, Kordt, Kunrad, Kuhndert, Kuhnt, and Kurth found mainly in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, to Koenraad (Czech), Kondrat (Russia), Corradi (Italian), Cunradi (Tuscany), Korlat (Hungary), diminutives such as Kienzle, Kunc, Kunz, Kuntz, Kunzel, Zunzelman, and patronymics Kurten, Coners, Conerding, Conradsen, Coenraets, and Kondratovich, and many, many, more. The origination is the ancient compound given name 'Kuoni-rad', which loosely translates as 'brave counsel', and is one of a very large group of similar Germanic names from about fifteen hundred years ago that include Albert, Frederick, and Willhelm. All have similar meanings associated with strength (of both mind and body), victory and courage. It may be that all relate to 'wishful thinking' or hope for the future, as the development of these names coincided with a period of total chaos and seemingly endless war and invasion throughout Europe, following the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century. The name has been recorded since time immemorial, and the first of what might loosely be called a hereditary surname recording, may be that of Conrad Conradi, (Conrad, the son of Little Conrad), in the charters of the German town of Elsabe in the year 1297, with Rudolf Kunzelman or Cunzelman being recorded in Ulm, Switzerland, in 1337. 1

Reference

1. The Internet Surname Database. Retrieved May 3, 2009 from http://www.surnamedb.com/surname.aspx?name=kohrs

BIELENBERG/GEHRMANN/KOHRS Dwellings

To view the interactive map, visit the following link: Bielenberg/Gehrmann/Kohrs Dwellings (Davenport, Iowa)

To view the most recent interactive map, developed on July 5, 2009 visit the following link:Bielenberg/Gehrmann/Kohrs Dwellings (Davenport, Iowa)


To view an interactive map of the historic buildings of Davenport, Iowa , visit the following link: Historic sites (Davenport, Iowa)

DOWN at Frick's Bar

Photo of Frick's Bar

Article below is from the Quad Cities Times Posted: Friday, February 11, 2005 12:00 am | By: Bill Wundram

… And a guy who hid 2 shots in the men's room

DOWN at Frick's Bar, the vintage neon sign in the front window at 1402 W. 3rd St. still says, "Good Beer, Served Properly." The air is redolent with the sweet smell of beer in what's claimed as Davenport's oldest-running bar. It is a saloon of memories, of hog butchers who elbowed the bar with politicians, and a little man who always hid two shots of whiskey in the men's room. Frick's is thought to be 130 years old — no one can say for certain — and the only thing new is the owner, Bret Dalton, who has just bought the place. He stands, smiling behind the shiny bar, which has a network of deep round dents. It is a mystery how they got there. Dalton bought the saloon — which is as historic as any church, landmark or old house in the city — as a fluke. "I saw this ad in the QUAD-CITY TIMES about a tavern for sale in downtown Davenport. I was interested, thinking I'd buy out my competition," says Bret, who owns Dalton's, a popular downtown watering hole and restaurant. "I was surprised to find the place was Frick's, a dozen blocks from downtown."

Probably, it is the narrowest barroom in the Quad-Cities. The space from bar to wall is 15 feet, and the place is 75 feet long, Bret says. As it always has been, Frick's is still a social gathering place for the west end of Davenport. It has been that way since the Frick family took over in 1888. It was a bar before that, doing back to the mid-1870s. The mosaic front entry still bears the name Frick. Generations ago, working men crossed that mosaic, carrying their quart pails to be filled with beer to be taken home. They'd smear grease around the rim to cut down on foam and get more beer. Through prohibition and depression, wars and peace, the old corner tap has hung on like a dog to its bone. It survived prohibition by selling ice cream, near beer and root beer. Who is to say that the beer wasn't spiked with grain alcohol in cars parked outside on West 3rd, where the trolley cars rattled along the brick street. Since taking over, Dalton has made few changes. He has painted the ceiling, and done other sprucing up, but the place still lingers with a built-in essence of cigarette and cigar smoke. There's no way to squeeze the barroom scent from a knotty pine wall. That pine stretch has a long shelf, about a yard wide, a congenial place for stand-up drinkers to debate the Cubs' trade of Sammy Sosa. Thankfully, the original mirrors have been returned to the back bar. That is an admirable move, because a mirror is a good place to stare at life, if at nothing but yourself, on a lonely afternoon.

Long ago, in the Frick family days, the hog butchers from Kohrs Packing Co. would stop by after work for boilermakers (a shot and a beer), and Oscar Mayer employees are still patrons. Ed Frick, one of the finest mayors to ever run the fair city of Davenport, presided over political decisions in front of that mirrored back bar that still is embellished with Tiffany style tulips. After the death of Mayor Ed Frick, his son Ross took after. When Ross died, it passed on to others in the family for a spell. There are so many stories about Frick's, in the brick building that began life as a bakery. Searching through musty drawers, the new owner has found such items as a baseball betting sheet, likely from the 1920s, when each league had only eight teams. The place for depositing bets was listed as a health facility at 220 Harrison St. In so many words, a bettor could say he was "going to the hospital" as an excuse for wagering. Then, there was the gent who would come to the bar with his wife. It was always a respectable place for women. In advance, he would call the bartender to put two shots of whiskey for him in the men's rest room before he arrived. He kept ducking in there to take a snort. His wife never knew. One night, some other guy went in the restroom and drank his drinks.
Ed Frick often told that story, repeating, "I never saw a guy so mad."

Reference

Quad Cities Times:… And a guy who hid 2 shots in the men's room. Retrieved 01 May 2009 from http://www.qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/columnists/bill-wundram/article_1a3bfb77-1326-5e79-aeeb-cdd02e665460.html

Another stay at the Hog Hotel’

Photo of Kohrs Packing Plant (Davenport, Iowa) 1910

Quoted from the Quad Cities Times:Mailbag full of memories..........

Oscar Mayer’s old hog containment building, known as the “Hog Hotel,” continues to generate comments from readers. David Odean of Davenport, a project engineer at the plant for more than 30 years, adds some helpful facts to our column about the most visible portion of the hog slaughtering operation: “The hog hotel, three-fourths of which still stands today as the maintenance center, was built by Oscar Mayer in 1965. It was built to house 10,000 hogs, a day’s kill in the 1960s. Oscar Mayer demolished over 30 slaughtering-related buildings between 1985 and 1992. And of the 35 or so buildings that make up the complex today, only seven were original Kohrs buildings. The original hog hotel, built by Kohrs in the 1920s, was one of the 30 buildings demolished by Oscar Mayer in about 1988.”

Reference.

Quad Cities Times:Mailbag full of memories. Retrieved 01 May 2009 from http://www.qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/columnists/john-willard/article_7392b1a6-b871-523a-9e70-5bff7a88eae6.html

Gehrmann's on Horseback

Front yard of Grant Kohrs Ranch House, (Deer Lodge, Montana) with Will and Harry Gehrmann on horses, circa 1904.

Source: Grant Kohrs Ranch NHS Archives

German Descent In Davenport & Scott County

View of Davenport, Iowa

The following paragraphs are from Chapter XXIX, History of Davenport and Scott County, Iowa, by Harry E. Downer. 2 vols. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1910.

THE GERMAN IMPRESS.

The earliest German immigration came to Scott county almost at the beginning of her history. From historic sources of unquestioned verity the population of Davenport in 1836 was about 100, consequently the history of the village cannot be said to have begun before that date. On may 15, 1836 the first German family came to this vicinity. It was the family of Carl Jacob Freitag (Friday) who with his wife and his three sons, Johann, Jacob and Gottlieb, had emigrated from Wurttemberg, pressed forward across the broad, western prairies, for the most part using a yoke of oxen for transportation, until he settled as a farmer in what is now Rockingham township, a few miles down the Mississippi river. Here in the new home three days later, a daughter, Caroline, was born to the German pioneer couple. In the year 1836 there also landed in America the Bomberg family which included Friedrich Ernst Bomberg, his wife and seven children......

Early in the year 1848 Davenport received an additional company of German immigrants numbering about 250, most of these coming from Schleswig-Holstein, where political conditions were intolerable. This stream of immigration continued, as those who had reached this land induced their friends and relatives to come. When finally the struggle of Schleswig-Holstein against Danish despotism had reached an unfortunate conclusion a larger immigration began in the years from 1851 to 1853. The German immigration was swelled by those coming from other German provinces, due to the reaction following the times of revolution in the fatherland. Until the beginning of the '1880s, a large stream of German immigration poured into this vicinity, which gradually became weaker, and although today comparatively few in the old fatherland think of emigrating it has never entirely ceased.

The Iowa census of 1890 gave Scott county a population of 43,164, of which 10,130, or very nearly one-fourth, were natives of Germany. If to this large number be added the German immigration of the twenty years following 1890 and the direct descendants of all those coming from Germany a strong showing is made for the strength of German-Americanism in this county. That not all descendants of Germans retain their German spirit is unfortunately true, yet on the other hand, it is pleasant to be able to state that in a large number of the sons and daughters of the immigrants of the '40s till '60s, the inherited spirit of the fatherland still is manifest and the love of the German language and the good old German customs has not died out. There has been no lack of continued commercial success for such true German-Americans. It is only necessary to mention here the descendants of several old forty-eighters and others more recent: Louis Hanssen's Sons, Christ Mueller's Sons, Ferdinand Roddewig's Sons, H. & H. Rohlfs, Wahle brothers, Peter Feddersen, Oswald, Walter and Herman Schmidt, Charles Naeckel's Sons, T. Richter's Sons, the sons of Henry Lischer, Alfred and Henry True, Henry and William Wiese, Ad. Eckermann, and others.

Reference

1. History of Davenport and Scott County, Iowa, by Harry E. Downer. 2 vols. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1910.
Viewed at the following website: http://www.celticcousins.net/scott/1910TC.html

JOHANNA "DOLLY" and HARRY CONRAD KOHRS

Children of Conrad Carston Kohrs & Anna (nee Mattausch) Kohrs

Oakdale Cemetery, Davenport Iowa

HISTORICAL INFORMATION
Oakdale Cemetery was incorporated on May 14, 1856, in Davenport, Iowa, by a group of local businessmen. The original 40-acre plot has grown over time, and today the cemetery is composed of 78.3 acres. Jazz musician Bix Beiderbecke, who grew up in Davenport, is among the prominent local citizens interred in the cemetery.1

The following family members are resting at the Oakdale Cemetery:
_______________________________
Bielenberg, Gesche, 1804-1886
Bielenberg, Claus, 1819-1901
_______________________________
Kohrs, Henry, 1830-1917
Kohrs, Johanna, 1833-1919
Kohrs, Mary, 1860-1930
Kohrs, Bertha, 1865-1961
_______________________________
Kohrs, Frank, 1876-1956
Kohrs, Hilda Marie, 1885-1922
Kohrs, Frank W, 1920 -1980
_______________________________
Kohrs, Robert, 1896 -1935
_______________________________
Kohrs, Conrad C., 1868-1908
Kohrs, Anna M., 1877-1943
Kohrs, Dollie J., 1899-1970
Kohrs, Harry C., 1904-1960
Kohrs, Ruth C., 1904-1959
_______________________________
Kohrs, Harold, 1898-1955
Kohrs, Irma
Kohrs, John J. 1932-1951
_______________________________
Gehrmann, Wm. H., 1858-1933
Gehrmann, Helen Kohrs, 1863-1954
Gehrmann, William Conrad, 1889-1965
Gehrmann, Anita Paula, 1891-1975
Gehrmann, John Henry, 1892-1985
Gehrmann, Edna Marie, 1892-1985
_______________________________

References

1. Oakdale Memorial Gardens: Retrieved on April 18th from the following website: http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/lots/oakdale.asp

First National Bank & Davenport Saving Bank

Title: First National Bank
Photographer: Hostetler, J. B.
Studio Name/Location: Hostetler Studio, Davenport, Iowa
Date: Original ca. 1900-1907
Description: Photograph of the First National Bank/Davenport Savings Bank located at the southwest corner of Second and Main in Davenport, Iowa. Other businesses in the building are Louis A LeClaire's & Co. Publishers, Telephone Exchange, and the Davenport Safety Deposit Company. To the left is a sign for Dr. J.W. McKee Dental Parlors, and to the right is the Sommers & LaVelle clothing store. Also visible in the photograph is a telephone pole, a gas street lamp, and horse and buggies. A young boy sits on the steps in front of the building, and three men stand on the corner. This building was torn down ca. 1908-1910 to make way for a newer building.
Location Depicted: Southwest corner of 2nd and Main, Davenport, Iowa
Repository: Richardson-Sloane Special Collections Center, Davenport Public Library, 321 Main Street, Davenport, Iowa 52801
Repository Collection: Hostetler Studio Collection
Object Description: 1 negative : glass, b&w ; 10 x 8 in.
Original Database: This record is from the Upper Mississippi Valley Digital Image Archive, http://www.umvphotoarchive.org, a collaborative project of cultural heritage organizations in the Iowa-Illinois Mississippi River region.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK, DAVENPORT IA
The First National Bank of Davenport, Iowa was organized June 27, 1863, with a capital of $100,000.  The banks organization papers were the first to be filed in Washington under the national banking act, and would have had the first charter issued, but for some informality in the papers which required them to be returned for correction.  This loss of time placed it at No. 15 on the list.  Its first board of directors were Royal L. Mack, Geo. S. C. Dow, Thos. Scott, J. E. Stevenson, Geo. H. French, James Armstong, Frank H. Griggs, John Schmidt, Austin Corbin.  Its first president was Austin Corbin, who was succeeded in the presidency by Ira M. Gifford, Hiram Price, James Thompson, Chas. E. Putnam and T. T. Dow.  The first cashier was Ira M. Gifford who was succeeded by D. C. Porter, Wm. H. Price, D. C. Porter, L. G. Gage and John B. Fidlar. Future directors included Walker Adams, James Thompson, T. T. Dow, A. Burdick, Henry W. Kerker, L. Schricker, J. E. Stevenson, L. C. Dessaint, Nat. French, August Steffen, Henry Kohrs.1




Title: Davenport Savings Bank
Photographer: Hostetler, J. B.
Studio Name/Location: Hostetler Studio, Davenport, Iowa
Date Original: ca. 1912-1920
Description: Photograph of the Davenport Savings Bank building, formerly known as the McManus building located at 200-208 Main Street (northwest corner of 2nd and Main) in Davenport, Iowa. Other businesses in the building are Myers Modiste, Pennsylvania Lines, Anchor Line, Tri-City Feature Film Exchange, and Dr. Stuck.
Location Depicted: 200-208 Main Street, Davenport, Scott County, Iowa
Subject: Davenport Savings Bank (Davenport, Iowa)
Notes: Dates and location determined from the Davenport city directories 1902-1913.
Repository: Richardson-Sloane Special Collections Center, Davenport Public Library, 321 Main Street, Davenport, Iowa 52801
Repository Collection: Hostetler Studio Collection
Object Description: 1 negative : glass, b&w ; 10 x 8 in.
Original Database: This record is from the Upper Mississippi Valley Digital Image Archive, http://www.umvphotoarchive.org, a collaborative project of cultural heritage organizations in the Iowa-Illinois Mississippi River region.

DAVENPORT SAVINGS BANK
The Davenport Savings bank was the next to be incorporated and it opened its doors for business on April 1, 1870, with a capital of $12,000. The incorporators were Judge James Grant, C. E. Putnam, Abner Davison, James Armstrong, James Thompson, Ira M. Gifford, S. F. Smith, Thomas Scott and Francis Ochs. The capital stock has been increased from time to time until it is now $300,000. Of this sum but $35,000 has been actually paid in in cash, the remaining amount having been paid in from its earnings. During the forty-one years of the bank's existence it has had but five presidents. C. E. Putnam, the first president, was succeeded in 1884 by Walker Adams. In 1888 Anthony Burdick was elected and continued in the office until 1905, when he was succeeded by William O. Schmidt, who held the office until his death, in August, 1908. It is interesting to note that Louis Haller has served as vice president for thirty-six years, from 1874 to the present time. Francis Ochs, the first cashier, was succeeded by R. Smetham in 1874. In 1879 Charles N. Voss, now president of the German Savings bank, became cashier, serving until 1885, when succeeded by J. B. Meyer. Henry C. Struck, the present incumbent, succeeded Mr. Meyer in 1892. The present officers are: directors, Louis Haller and Henry Kohrs, who have served since the organization of the bank forty years ago, Anthony Burdick, John F. Dow, Henry C. Struck, W. H. Wilson, August E. Steffen, John W. Gilchrist, and Theo. Krabbenhoeft; president, John F. Dow; vice president, Louis Haller; cashier, H. C. Struck; teller, Otto L. Ladenberger; assistant teller, A. Brunig; attorney, W. H. Wilson. The total amount of surplus and undivided profits at the time of the last public statement was $294,363, and the deposits, $4,016,442. 2

References

1. Celtic Cousins. Retrieved 06 December 2008 from http://www.celticcousins.net/scott/historyofdavpart3.htm

2. Celtic Cousins. Retrieved 06 December 2008 from http://www.celticcousins.net/scott/chapter25.html

Davenport's German-American Heritage Center

Renovation gives Standard Hotel new life as German Heritage Center

Once home to drug addicts and prostitutes, the Standard Hotel has been given a new life. On May 27, the German American Heritage Center will open its doors to the public with a traditional MAIFEST celebration according to board member Harlan Meier. The $1.8 million dream is becoming a reality after years of planning. About six years ago Scharlott Goettsch Blevins persuaded a handful of people to join her in creating a center to preserve the heritage of the German immigrants who helped establish this part of the country. ``If this generation doesn't preserve our heritage, it will be gone forever,'' he said. ``Many people think of St. Louis as the gateway to the west. The Quad-Cities was also a gateway. Those who settled in Nebraska, Dakotas and Iowa would come here before starting their journey.'' The former hotel was the perfect location for such a center because it stands in what was once the hub of German life in Davenport and most likely was a place of refuge for many immigrants. Standing at a fourth floor window of the former hotel, German American Mr. Meier ponders about how many people, German immigrants specifically, stopped at the same window to admire the view of the Mississippi River throughout the building's 132-year history. It would be impossible to guess how many over-nighted in the hotel at the foot of the Centennial Bridge on the corner of 2nd and Gaines streets, he said. It is likely the hotel was the first stop for newcomers after landing near where John O'Donnell stadium now stands. Mr. Meier guesses that many immigrants were German since the area was heavily settled by Germans. They would be attracted to the hotel because it was built and owned by Germans. The original three-story west wing was built in 1868 by an unknown person who called the hotel Germania Haus. In 1875, the building was bought by John Frederick Miller who expanded to the east as well as adding a story.Mr. Miller kept the name Germania Haus and added a likeness of a Roman goddess who was said to protect the ground called Germania. As the former hotel's history is being stripped to make way for the new, the past becomes evident in the charred ceiling rafters and the tongue-and-groove floor that still mark the size of the old hotel rooms. ``They were small, but probably comfortable for then,'' Mr. Meier said. Throughout the next 100 years the building continued to provide shelter; however, the clientele changed dramatically as did the neighborhood. Rooms were rented by the hour and became a haven to undesirables and parts of society that had hit rock bottom instead of those who were seeking a better life, Mr. Meier said. Today the building is in the pathway of renovation, Mr. Meier said. [The restoration includes bringing the exterior of the building to its original\par likeness during the turn of the century - circa 1898.] Businesses and organizations have been supportive in the group's efforts to rejuvenate the building and create a place for the community and tourists to visit and learn. For those wanting to learn more about the association a web site has been created at www.germanamerheritage.org or by calling 322-8844. ``One of our goals is to have a place to preserve grandma's things,'' Mr. Meier said. ``To preserve her history and our families' histories. Someday we'll have German language classes, family trees...perhaps a floor devoted to women of German heritage. The women were very significant in the profitability and success of the German family.''


Center keeps heritage alive

A Bush for president sticker on the bill of his cap, a corn grower's emblem on his jacket, praises for the German American Heritage Center being completed in Davenport -- are symbolic of Harlan Meier's life. Mr. Meier has spent his life promoting, either a product or an organization, in addition to running a large farming operation. ``The more I had going for me the happier I was,'' Mr. Meier said. The only regret is that I didn't spend more time with my children. Looking back, well I've had quite a life.'' It started on a farm settled by his grandfather in 1900. He grew up during The Great Depression never learning they were poor, but learning the value of hard work. As a boy on the farm he would ride the grain binder cutting oats that would be bundled then put into shocks. Later he and his father would bring the shocks in on a horse drawn hayrack for threshing. His father's job would be to pitch the bundles into the thresher, while Mr. Meier carefully put the straw into stacks that would shed water. His reward for helping his father was to visit his aunt in Davenport where he could use the shower with hot running water, ride bicycles on pavement and wash a nickle bag of potato chips down with a nickle bottle of pop. It may not sound like a great reward but it beat washing in a galvanized tub on the back porch and using a building with two holes and a Sears and Roebuck catalog. In his spare time he'd peddle his bike around neighboring farms and sell garden seeds. Doing so would earn him a watch or another ``gift'' from the seed company. After serving in Korea, Mr. Meier attended Iowa State University, but his mind was on farming. He farmed in partnership with his father, then with his son. He retired from farming in 1993, but works part time as a grain trailer salesman. His goal when he started farming in the 1950's was to farm 1,000 acres and be worth $100,000. Those were lofty goals for a young man back then, he said laughing at the memory. By 1972 he was farming 2,000 acres in three counties, including the farm homesteaded by his grandfather in 1900. ``I was young, ambitious and foolish,'' Mr. Meier said. ``I did everything could to make an honest dollar. If you really want to farm today, you have to have a job in town and salt away money earned on the farm.'' During his farming career, he had a successful chemical supply and grain bin business. The chemical supply business started when he bought a old Studebaker truck and installed a model A drive line in it to slow it down. That enabled him to spread pounds instead of tons. He got a contract with a fertilizer company and cleaned out the chicken house -- he was in business. While selling bins and supplying fertlizer along with farming 2,000 acres would have been enough for most men, Mr. Meier was active in the corn promotion board, served 15 years with the Iowa Corn Growers and National Corn Growers, was on the U. S. Meat Export Federation Board and the U. S. Feed Grain Council. ``If you have a passion for agriculture, you have to make it better for the coming generation,'' he said. ``I believe strongly in these groups, someone has to speak for them. Without those lobby groups, agriculture would be much poorer.''Visiting Korea on a food-safety mission 44 years after the war ended, Mr. Meier said he saw first hand what freedom and help can do. The two-lane dusty streets traveled only by a few men and maybe horse that had survived pulling a cart he remembered had turned into a 12-lane highway with Mercedes and Hyundais speeding by highrises. Mr. Meier's passion is not just for agriculture, but for the past as well. Mr. Meier isn't a founding member of the organization, but he's a vocal member. He's taken on the task of helping build the organization's membership and helping raise money to see the work is completed on the once proud establishment known as the Germania Haus owned by J. F. Miller and later the Standard Hotel. ``I like to make people aware of what is being done,'' Mr. Meier said. ``The heritage center is important to people on both sides of the river. Heritage is important. The best way to learn about someone is to ask about their heritage. Start asking questions, people enjoy sharing information. Preserving history, it's not something you realize the importance of when you're young.'' [Mr. Meier has demonstrated that typical hard work ethic that was brought from the old country by so many of our German immigrant ancestors as a Board Director of the German American Heritage Center. Through his support and enthusiasm, the Center is becoming a reality. It is hoped that many other Americans throughout the mid-west with German ancestors will join in with such enthusiasm and support of the German American Heritage Center's opening. Information on the MAIFEST will be forthcoming.


January 9, 2000
By Pam Berenger, Dispatch/Argus Staff writer
Copyright 2000, Moline Dispatch Publishing Co.

Visit Davenport's German-American Heritage Center at: http://www.gahc.org/

Corner of 2nd Street and Harrison Street, Davenport, IA (1907)

Photo by Frederick J Bandholtz (1877-19__), August 26, 1907

The original is a gelatin silver print, 10-inches high by 47 inches wide.

People's Meat Market

From Upper Mississippi Valley Photo Archive: (http://www.uppermississippivalleyphotoarchive.org/)

Photographer: Grossheim, Oscar (1906). Photograph of the interior of People's Meat Market located at 323 East 2nd Street in Muscatine, Iowa. In the back of the room, three men wearing aprons stand behind the counter. Large pieces of meat hang on the wall to the left, and shelves stocked with canned goods are on the right. A sign on the wall to the left reads "We buy for cash & sell for cash Ask for anything but credit! All meats delivered C.O.D." Location Depicted 323 East 2nd Street, Muscatine, Muscatine County, Iowa


There exists no known photographs of Henry Kohrs first meat market/ butcher shop in Davenport Iowa to inform us as to what the establishment looked like inside. Fortunately, we can view photographs of other meat market/ butcher shops that were in the area surrounding the quad cities to give us a glimpse of what it may have looked like inside. In 1857, Henry opened a meat market on Harrison Street between 2nd and 3rd Streets supplied from a small slaughterhouse on West Second. This land and slaughter house was later purchased by Henry and it was here that he established the Kohrs Packing Plant. Meanwhile at the market on Harrison Street, he began making his rounds in an old horse drawn wagon to serve local customers. Henry continued this for almost twenty years, and in 1875 he branched. out into the business of packing and shipping meats, establishing the Kohrs Packing Company. 1

From the memoirs of Helen Kohrs Gehrmann, we have a delightful description of the market and dwelling at 310-312 West Second. "In the rear part of the market was a small room with an ice-box about 8 feet by 4 feet, lined with zinc, with two doors on top. The meat was kept refrigerated there. In front of it were two steps and father took a short nap there every afternoon while we girls stood watch for customers. The back room was also the workroom and in the center was a large block of wood called a 'rocker'. Above this ‘rocker’ were four shining blades with double handles and two men would walk around the chopping block, mincing the meat for sausage. There was also a bench with a stuffer for sausage. The basement was used for curing hams and bacon. There was the sausage kitchen in the rear of the market and it was here that grandmother "Geshe" held sway, cooking blood sausage, head cheeses, and other delicacies. Back of the sausage kitchen was the barn, and back of the grocery store was the smoke house where a big barrel was used to smoke bologna and other small things. There was an outside stairway from the second story. Near this stairway was a well with spring water and an iron pump. This well served the whole house and was still running in 1878 when some remodeling was done." 1.

References

1. The ancestors and descendants of the Bettendorf-Kohrs and related families : a memorial to William Edwin Bettendorf, 1902-1979 by Darlene Ward Paxton; L T Sloane. Decorah, Iowa : Anundsen Pub. Co., 1984.

Interior N. M. Burgland's Meat Market

From Upper Mississippi Valley Photo Archive: (http://www.uppermississippivalleyphotoarchive.org/)

Interior N. M. Burgland's Meat Market, (ca. 1895). Photograph shows the interior of Burgland's Meat Market. There is a cashier's window and office on the left with butcher blocks and stools beyond. On the right are different types of butchered and cured meats such as hams, sausages and sides of beef hanging on hooks from the ceiling. There are barrels and a crock on the far right. The floor is made of wood and there is a gas lighting fixture in the center of the photograph coming from the ceiling. Location Depicted: 655 East Main Street, Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois

There exists no known photographs of Henry Kohrs first meat market/ butcher shop in Davenport Iowa to inform us as to what the establishment looked like inside. Fortunately, we can view photographs of other meat market/ butcher shops that were in the areas surrounding the quad cities to give us a glimpse of what it may have looked like inside.

Again from Helen Kohrs Gehrmann’s memoirs - "In February, the ice house was filled with ice and packed with sawdust. In late summer the ice would have melted and the sawdust removed, so that the building could be used for other storage. Hogs were slaughtered only from November through March, and the products were sold through a broker in St. , Missouri. The hams and bacon were wrapped in absorbent paper, and then parchment paper, sewed into muslin bags, dipped in "Chromeyellow" (glue) and hung to dry. They were packed and shipped to customers, as ordered. The original brand name was "Kohrs Crown", and the "Arsenal Brand" came into being later." Helen Kohrs, Henry and Johanna's third child, married William Gehrmann, and in 1898, Will Gehrmann became General Manager of the Company. The Henry Kohrs Packing Company has gradually developed and extended until it reached throughout the entire West. 1.

References

1. The ancestors and descendants of the Bettendorf-Kohrs and related families : a memorial to William Edwin Bettendorf, 1902-1979 by Darlene Ward Paxton; L T Sloane. Decorah, Iowa : Anundsen Pub. Co., 1984.

The rise and fall of log rafting on the river

Quoting from Conrad Kohrs autobiography "Then I went to St. Croix, Wisconsin, and got work running logs down the Mississippi to St. Louis. On account of getting on many sand bars the work was heavy. However, the trip was made and after a few days at St. Louis I returned to St. Croix by steam-boat and made another trip with a raft of lumber. I then went to St. Clair, about eighteen miles above Davenport, helped several rafts over the rapids and through the bridge at Davenport. This was the end of my river work and in the Fall I went to work in my brother-in-laws store." (Pages 5-6)

From the Quad Cities Times: By Roald Tweet
FOR ON THE RIVER | Monday, November 24, 2008 9:48 AM CST

When the first few white pine logs began floating down the Mississippi in the 1830s to sawmills at places such as Clinton, Davenport and Rock Island, the supply had seemed inexhaustable. It was the largest region for white pine in the world, covering 38 million acres — an area roughly the size of New England. But the demand for white pine turned out to be equally unlimited. It was easy to cut, and the wood was tall, straight, light and strong. It was considered the perfect wood for the new villages and farms springing up throughout the Midwest. The first logs that came downriver were free floating. Along the way to the mills, many were scattered by storms and floods, and were lost or ended up at the wrong mill. In 1843, a young riverman named Stephen B. Hanks — a cousin of Abraham Lincoln — devised a method of tying logs together into a loose raft 16 feet wide and between 400 and 600 feet long. The practice caught on. Soon, such rafts became a common sight on the river. Each raft was manned by a crew of about 20, who steered the raft with the use of long oars, or sweeps. During the trip downriver, workers lived aboard the raft, eating from a small cook shed at the stern.


On May 6, 1869, a new development changed rafting forever. Samuel R. Van Sant of the Van Sant Boat Yard at LeClaire, Iowa, gave Rock Island lumber baron Fred Weyerhaeuser a ride in his new sternwheel steamboat, which was specially designed with enough power to push large rafts. Weyerhaeuser was impressed. Within a few years, about 70 raftboats were taking ever-larger rafts of white pine down to the mills. Often, at the bow of the raft, a smaller steamboat was tied sideways to steer it. The new rafts, which were about 300 feet wide and up to 1,500 feet long, could carry as much as 10 million board feet of lumber. As a result, the Minnesota and Wisconsin forest began disappearing quickly. By the 1880s, as many as 500 rafts came downriver per month. By 1900, it was clear that the age of white pine was coming to an end. Weyerhaeuser moved from Rock Island to St. Paul, Minn., then out to Washington. On Nov. 18, 1905, the last log came upriver to the Weyerhaeuser Mill in Rock Island, where it closed for good. The white pine that remained grew smaller and smaller, until a single log no longer would support a raftsman’s weight. As the Ottumwa Belle came downriver in 1915 with the last raft, its captain stopped at Albany, Ill., to take aboard an honored guest — Hanks — who at the time was 94 years old. He had begun the raft industry in 1843, and participated in its end. Hanks took the wheel in the pilot house and steered the raft south to Davenport. As the last raft passed various villages and towns along the river, residents came down to the waterfront to witness the end of an era.


REFERENCE

1.Conrad Kohrs : an autobiography. by Conrad Kohrs. Publisher C.K. Warren, ©1977.

2. Quad Cities Times: The rise and fall of log rafting on the river: By Roald Tweet
FOR ON THE RIVER | Monday, November 24, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2009 from http://www.qctimes.com/articles/2006/06/08/on_the_river/river_tales/doc448853d715f43490678993.txt

The Gold Coast & Hamburg Historic District

The Gold Coast & Hamburg Historic District is situated on and below the limestone bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, the Hamburg Historic District lies north of Downtown Davenport and encompasses over 25 square blocks. A mixture of elegant mansions and simple homes, Hamburg was home to the middle and upper class German families who had immigrated to Davenport from their native Germany. Many of these immigrants came to this area with little money. They settled in Davenport, realizing the possibilities that were at hand with the ever expanding western frontier, and they made their fortunes here. These prominent residents were bankers, doctors, dry goods & grocery wholesalers, politicians, lumber barons, newspaper publishers, brewery owners, bakers, and retailers of all kinds. These German immigrants were instrumental in transforming Davenport from a 19th century village in the 1850’s into the 21st century city we see today.1

Reference
1. Gold Coast & Hamburg Historic District. Retrieved March 21, 2009 from
www.davenportgoldcoast.com/documents/WalkingTour07.pdf

Links
Take a quick tour of Davenport, Iowa Architecture

Gold Coast & Hamburg Historic District

Davenport Industry

From the Quad Cities Times: Q-C cigar making, brewing on display. By John Willard | Tuesday, July 11, 2006 6:09 AM CDT

The Quad-Cities’ industrial heritage is not just about farm machinery and other heavy manufacturing. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, brewing and cigar making were major enterprises as the area’s German immigrants capitalized on businesses they had known in their homeland. The Quad-City region once counted a dozen breweries, and more than 30 small companies were producing cigars in Davenport in the late 19th century. 1

The Quad-Cities brewing industry had its beginnings with early German immigrants from the areas of Schleswig-Holstein, Bavaria and Hamburg. Not only did they bring with them their hopes for a better life in the New World but also their acumen in a variety of professions and trades. They took their entrepreneurial spirit to such fields as brick making, (when the family came to Davenport in 1854, Claus Bielenberg found work as a gardener and "layer of brick walks" - quoting The ancestors and descendants of the Bettendorf-Kohrs and related families : a memorial to William Edwin Bettendorf, 1902-1979),. meat packing (i. e. Kohrs Packing Company), lumber (i.e. Mueller Lumber Company) and furniture making as well as brewing and cigar making. Early brewers included Ernst Zoller, Matthias Frahm, John Noth, Henry and Julius Lehrkind, Peter and August Littig and Ignatz Huber. 1

In Rock Island Illinois, Ignatz Huber obtained employment in a brewery, and after his first month's employment he purchased an interest in the concern, of which three years later he became the sole owner. From a small beginning Mr. Huber's business grew and his patronage increased until it became one of the city's principal industries, employing many men. He continued in business alone until the formation of the Rock Island Brewing Company, whereby Rock Island's three brewing plants were consolidated and a stock company organized. Then Mr. Huber turned over active management of the new enterprise to his son, Otto Huber. 1 Conrad Kohrs worked in the brewery for a short time for Ignatz Huber prior to heading for Montana. Quoting from Conrad Kohrs autobiography "I got employment in Huber's Brewery in Rock Island and worked there until the spring of 1855." (Page 5) 3


Ernst Zoller, who arrived in Davenport from his native Germany in 1848, founded a brewing empire that operated into the early 1950s under the names Davenport Malting Co., Independent Brewing Co., Zoller Brewing Co., Blackhawk Brewing Co and Uchtorff Brewing Co. Cigar making in the Quad-Cities followed a development course similar to that of the breweries as it grew from small, independent businesses to larger, consolidated firms. Most of the cigar factories in Davenport were in the west end, where many Germans lived and found work at the plants. 1

One of the most successful local cigar makers was Nicholas Kuhnen, who hoped his first shop in Davenport in 1854. By the 1880s, he was recognized as owning the largest cigar factory north of St. Louis and west of Chicago. Other successful cigar companies were the Ferd. Haak Cigar Co. and the Peter N. Jacobsen Cigar Co. Jacobsen began making cigars in northwest Davenport in 1880 as part of his hotel business. His son, Peter N. Jacobsen Jr., expanded the business and by 1903 had moved the cigar-manufacturing portion to a building that still stands at the southwest corner of 4th and Harrison streets. 1

By World War I, Jacobsen was producing an average of 250,000 cigars a week, including its “Jacobsen’s Brown Beauty” marketed to the working man. Despite competitive pressure from Florida and Cuba, Jacobsen remained the largest cigar company in the region until it closed in 1946 as cigarettes gained popularity.1

References

1. Quad Cities Times: Q-C cigar making, brewing on display. By John Willard | Tuesday, July 11, 2006 6:09 AM CDT
http://www.qctimes.com/articles/2006/07/11/news/local/doc44b3267904c0b453291413.txt

2. The ancestors and descendants of the Bettendorf-Kohrs and related families : a memorial to William Edwin Bettendorf, 1902-1979 by Darlene Ward Paxton; L T Sloane. Decorah, Iowa : Anundsen Pub. Co., 1984.

3.Conrad Kohrs : an autobiography. by Conrad Kohrs. Publisher C.K. Warren, ©1977.

Emigration from Schleswig-Holstein

Emigration from Schleswig-Holstein

After 1848 (gold rush in California and the uprising of 1848-51 in Schleswig-Holstein) the first significant wave of Schleswig-Holstein emigration to the United States occurred. These emigrants settled in the vicinity of Davenport, Iowa. They were farmers who were eligible to obtain land if they were able to cultivate it. It cost between 400 to 1000 Dollars and hard work to establish oneself and flourish. The emigrants were mostly young men between 17 and 25 years of age. In order to emigrate, they had to get permission and be officially released from military duty. From 1880 to 1893 approximately 88, 000 (recorded) Schleswig-Holsteiner, roughly 10% of the Schleswig-Holstein population moved to North America, first the Holsteiner from Probstei and Segeberg, then the Schleswiger during Prussian times (1867). According to some advertisers the shortest and least dangerous route to take was from Hamburg to Hull, England, then by train to Liverpool and from there to America. Most emigrants arrived in New York through Castle Garden and later (1892) through Ellis Island, New York.1

Davenport, Iowa

The 170 + years of Germanic influence on Davenport, Iowa began shortly after the city’s founding in 1836. Danish political oppression in the Schleswig-Holstein region of Northern Germany fueled the exodus of Germans to America. Schleswig-Holsteiners seeking freedom found safe haven in Davenport beginning in 1848. Known as “48ers”, the well-educated and skilled people were deemed “freethinkers” and quickly settled into life along the Mississippi River’s edge and on farms in rural Scott County. Within twelve years, 20 percent of Davenport’s population of 3, 000 was German.2

Those Davenport German 48s battled oppressive forces in their homeland of Schleswig-Holstein while fighting for their right to live as they saw fit. Many veterans of that fight that began in 1848 left the region and found freedom in the United States, some of them in Davenport. About 200 men settled in Davenport following the fighting that ended with compromise in 1851 and 1852 between German forces and neighbor Denmark. But most members of the Davenport Society of Veterans of the Schleswig-Holstein Wars of Independence left long before Denmark finally conceded its claims on Schleswig in 1864. 3

References
1. Family Search: Research Wiki: Emigration and Immigration in Schleswig- Holstein. Retrieved 13 March 2009 from https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Emigration_and_Immigration_in_Schleswig-Holstein

2. German Life. June/July 2000. Favorite German-American Travel Destinations. Davenport, Iowa. Retrieved 13 March 2009 from http://www.germanl ife.com/Archives/2000/0006_01.html

3. Quad Cities Times German freedom fighters’ memorial etched in stone. By Mary Louise Speer | Friday, March 28, 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2009 from http://www.qctimes.com/articles/2008/03/28/news/local/doc47edcbfea5511732588179.txt




PLAT MAP
SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP 1905
No. 79 N. Range No.3 East of the 5th Meridian
Bordered on the North by Winfield Township, on the South by Davenport, on the East by Lincoln Township, on the West by Hickory Grove.

SECTION 9
Henry Meier
Ernst LeMarinell Est
Chas Meier
Bielenberg & Kohrs

SECTION 16
A.H. Lamp
Bielenberg & Kohrs
Joachim Muks
Chas Ehrsam


PLAT MAP
SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP 1882
No. 79 N. Range No.3 East of the 5th Meridian
Bordered on the North by Winfield Township, on the South by Davenport, on the East by Lincoln Township, on the West by Hickory Grove.


SECTION 9
Henry Meier
Ernst LeMarinell Est
Chas Meier
Bielenberg & Kohrs

SECTION 16
A.H. Lamp
Bielenberg & Kohrs
Joachim Muks
Chas Ehrsam

Another stay at the Hog Hotel’

Photo of Kohrs Packing Plant (Davenport, Iowa) 1910

Another stay at the Hog Hotel’

Quad Cities Times

By John Willard | Monday, June 19, 2006

Hog slaughtering is long gone from Davenport, but a vestige of the once booming industry still survives at the Kraft Foods/Oscar Mayer plant, 1337 W. 2nd St.

Some Oscar Mayer employees who read a column in the Quad Cities Times by John Willard on Monday, June 19, 2006 about the city’s packing house heritage note that a portion of the five-story hog containment building at the plant, known to generations as the “Hog Hotel,” is still standing and stores spare parts for maintenance. Employees still refer to it by that name.

Jeff Merrill, a maintenance employee, said the structure is recognizable from the street by the wind-sock flying over it.

Another employee writes: “The Hog Hotel really was a hotel. At the end of each day, some animals were kept overnight to allow for a prompt start-up the next morning if there was a delay in new deliveries such as bad weather.”

As hog slaughtering moved to more efficient, single-story buildings designed for rapid mechanized movement of animals, such as the one that Triumph Foods wants to build in East Moline, the Oscar Mayer plant became obsolete. It nearly closed in the early 1980s.

The jobs were saved when the company shifted to food processing and transformed the turn-of-the-century plant to virtually an all-new facility.

The $10 million project included demolishing 86.000 square feet of space in the center of the plant relating to slaughtering and knocking down half of the 120,000-square-foot hog containment building, or “hog hotel.”

The remainder of the space was rebuilt as a maintenance center. Still in place is a spiral staircase leading to the fourth and fifth floors, with two-inch high risers that made it easier for the porkers to climb.

The “Hog Hotel” was among the improvements completed in the early 20th century by Kohrs Packing Co., which was acquired by Oscar Mayer in 1946. More than 3,500 hogs could be accommodated in rooms equipped with running water.

Kohrs, founded in 1872 by German immigrant Henry Kohrs, was among a half-dozen packing plants that thrived in west Davenport to satisfy the tastes of the city’s many Germans.

Today, Kraft Foods/Oscar Mayer employs 1,600 people in Davenport, making it among the Quad-Cities’ five largest employers. Products include bologna and other cold cuts sold retail and to food services; wieners and Lunchables packaged cheese, meat and crackers packs.


References
Another Stay at the grand Hog Hotel. Quad Cities Times by John Willard
Monday, June 19, 2006

Retrieved on 22 February 2008 from
http://www.qctimes.com/articles/2006/06/06/opinion/columnists/john_willard/doc4485075a86528694724421.txt